Bruxism is excessive clenching and grinding of teeth which is not a part of normal chewing movement. It can often lead to excessive wear of teeth and damage of the jaw joint, known as the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Most of the time, it happens during sleep, when there is no conscious control over it.
Bruxism and TMJ Disorder
Treatment
Treatment aims to relieve pain, restore jaw function, reduce or eliminate noises from TMJ. Simpler, non-surgical treatment are usually tried first.
Softer food enables to rest the jaw joints as less chewing is required. Hot and cold packs on the painful areas help to reduce inflammation in the TMJs and chewing muscles.
Stress management and relaxation techniques aims at targeting the cause of clenching and grinding of teeth. Furthermore, physiotherapy, jaw muscle exercises and acupuncture may help to reduce pain and stiffness in the jaw joint, and improve the strength, range of movement and posture of chewing muscles.
Short term use of sedative and muscle relaxant medication and anti-anxiety medications are sometimes used.
Occlusal splints may also be used for someone with mild to severe grinding behaviour. Worn at night, they are made from moulded harder plastic that fits over upper or lower teeth. They do not provide a cure but often help with symptoms. These appliances help to relax muscles and take pressure of TMJs and teeth, thus, preventing further wear of tooth surfaces, reducing sensitivity and pain in teeth.
TMJ surgery is sometimes indicated only after all conservative options have been assessed or a significant internal problem with TMJ exists.